Colds
Although there is still no cure for the common cold, sufferers may be made more comfortable by taking paracetamol and drinking plenty of fluids. Inhalation of menthol vapour may help a blocked nose. Antibiotics only have a place for colds complicated by ear, sinus or chest infections.
Influenza
Caused by a virus. Symptoms may be similar to a cold but usually associated with a fever, aches and pains and sometimes a cough or headache. Again, antibiotics have no place in uncomplicated cases and treatment should be as for a cold.
Sore Throats
Most sore throats are caused by viruses. Antiseptic throat sprays may help or gargling with soluble aspirin (in adults). A doctor should be consulted if there is associated high fever, headaches, rash, pain on swallowing, discharge on the tonsils or large lymph glands in the neck or elsewhere.
Sprains
A sprained joint or muscle becomes hot, red and swollen. A cold compress, ideally with ice, for 15 minutes will help. If possible elevate the affected area. A firm bandage will help prevent further swelling. Rest is very important in the early stages.
Diarrhoea
Passing liquid stools can be nature’s way of ridding the body of a food poisoning bug or virus. Sometimes abdominal cramps and a temperature may occur. It is important to drink plenty of clear fluids. If the diarrhoea is severe, special sachets (e.g. Dioralyte etc) may be purchased from a chemist to provide calories and minerals which are particularly important to children. A light diet should be introduced before returning to normal eating habits. If diarrhoea persists, vomiting prevents drinking, or if there is blood in the motion, a doctor should be consulted.
Fever
It is wise to keep a thermometer in the home. A temperature is a normal response of the body to many infections which are usually viral. It is wise to keep a supply of paracetamol (Calpol/ Disprol for children) at home. This reduces a temperature and eases aches and pains. If the fever fails to respond, tepid sponging may help. Children should be undressed. “Sweating a fever out” by wrapping up in lots of blankets will send a temperature up even higher and can be risky.
Cystitis
A bladder infection, common in ladies, usually associated with passing urine frequently, burning on passing urine and occasionally a little blood in the urine. Drinking plenty of fluids helps flush the system. Bicarbonate of soda (one teaspoon in a tumbler of water) may relieve symptoms. Antibiotics are needed if symptoms persist.